Can You Operate HF Radio from an Apartment?

Yes, you can operate HF radio from your apartment! Even if your space is limited, you can still set up an efficient HF station. The key to success lies in choosing the right antenna for your apartment. By selecting compact, efficient options, you can enjoy HF communications without the need for a large outdoor space.

Vertical Antennas on a Balcony

If you have a balcony, a vertical antenna is a great option. You can easily mount these antennas on your balcony railing or wall. Vertical antennas are perfect for HF operations, and they take up minimal space while delivering excellent performance. They offer a simple solution for apartment dwellers eager to get on the air.

Dipole Antennas Inside the Apartment

If your apartment doesn’t have a balcony, you can still make HF radio work with a dipole antenna. Simply string a horizontal dipole across a room or install a vertical dipole against a wall. If you have access to an attic, that’s another great place to mount your dipole for better performance.

These antennas are discreet, and you can easily hide them when not in use. Antenna tuners will help match the impedance, enhancing your transmission and reception quality.

Compact Indoor Antennas for Small Spaces

If space is really tight, consider using magnetic loop antennas or small vertical antennas. These are designed for HF radio operations in small spaces. You can set them up near windows or place them in corners where they won’t be in the way. Magnetic loop antennas are portable, effective, and simple to store.

These antennas are perfect for apartment setups where space is limited, and they can be hidden when not in use. You can maintain a clean, clutter-free apartment while still making HF contacts.

Apartment HF Antenna Safety: Protect Your Neighbors! 📡

When setting up your HF station in an apartment, you must prioritize RF exposure safety. HF antennas emit radio frequency (RF) radiation, so it’s essential to ensure you’re not exposing your neighbors to harmful levels of radiation.

How Close Can Your Antenna Be to Others?

If you live in a multi-unit building, such as a condo or apartment, ensure that your HF antenna is placed at a safe distance from others. RF exposure can affect your neighbors if the antenna is too close. It’s vital to consider the antenna’s placement to prevent this risk.

To ensure you’re within the safety limits, research RF exposure guidelines and make sure your antenna is installed correctly.

Getting Started with HF: Essential Resources for Beginners

If you’re new to HF radio and want to dive deeper into high-frequency operations, check out our detailed guide on HF Ham Radios for Beginners. This guide covers the basics of getting started with HF communications, including choosing the right equipment, understanding HF bands, and more.

Final Thoughts: Can You Operate HF in an Apartment? Absolutely!

Operating HF radio from an apartment is totally possible. Whether you use a vertical antenna on your balcony, a dipole antenna inside, or a compact indoor antenna, there are options that will help you get on the air.

Always keep RF safety in mind to avoid exposing your neighbors to harmful radiation. Once you’ve set up your antenna and followed safety protocols, you’ll be ready to enjoy long-range communications from your apartment.

Start Your Ham Radio Journey Today with Ham Radio Prep

To operate your HF radio station, you’ll need to earn your FCC amateur radio license. Ham Radio Prep has helped over 60,000 students pass their exams and get licensed, and we can help you too!

🎓 Start your free lesson today at HamRadioPrep.com and get licensed to operate your HF radio from your apartment!

The post Operating HF Radio in an Apartment: Tips & Safety appeared first on Ham Radio Prep.

When obtaining a ham radio license in the United States, the FCC assigns a ham radio call sign sequentially from an available pool. While functional, these assigned call signs may lack the personal touch that many operators desire. Applying for a vanity call sign allows ham radio enthusiasts to personalize their call signs, whether for personal identity, legacy, or operational benefits.

This guide will provide a step-by-step process for applying for a vanity call sign, explore why it may be worthwhile, and cover tips for choosing the best call sign for your needs.

What Is a Vanity Call Sign?

A vanity call sign is a custom call sign selected by a licensed ham radio operator. Unlike the default call sign assigned by the FCC, vanity call signs allow operators to incorporate personal elements, such as initials, meaningful words, or affiliations.

Both individual operators and ham radio clubs are eligible to apply for vanity call signs. Similar to a personalized license plate, vanity call signs serve as a way to stand out and make a statement on the airwaves.

Why Operators Choose Vanity Call Signs

There are many reasons why ham radio operators might consider applying for a vanity call sign:

1. Personalization:
   Vanity call signs can reflect your initials, hobbies, or affiliations. For example, if you’re part of a ham radio club, you might want a call sign that incorporates the club’s name or acronym.
2. Legacy and Tribute:
   Many operators choose vanity call signs to honor a family member or friend who was a ham radio operator, especially if they are now a “silent key” (a term used to describe deceased operators).
3. Competitive Advantage:
   Shorter call signs or those that are phonetically clear can give contesters a significant edge during competitions.
4. Enhanced Communication:
   Call signs that are easy to spell or transmit in CW (Morse code) help streamline communication, especially in high-traffic or noisy environments.

Eligibility for Vanity Call Signs

The format of a vanity call sign depends on the operator’s license class:

• Technician Class (Level 1): Eligible for 2×3 (e.g., KN4NEH) or 1×3 (e.g., K1ABC) call signs.
• General Class (Level 2): Access to the same options as Technician but with more availability.
• Amateur Extra Class (Level 3): Can apply for shorter formats, such as 1×2 (e.g., N1ET) or 2×1 (e.g., W1A). Amateur Extra licensees also gain access to prefixes starting with “A.”

Preparing to Apply for a Vanity Call Sign

Choosing the Right Call Sign

When selecting a vanity call sign, consider factors such as phonetics, CW efficiency, and availability. Here are some tips to guide your selection:

1. Think Phonetically:
   A call sign that is easy to say phonetically can reduce miscommunication. For example, “K1ABC” is more straightforward than “K1JQ.”
2. Check CW Weight:
   CW weight refers to how long it takes to transmit a call sign in Morse code. Shorter call signs, like “N1ET,” are quicker to send than longer ones, even within the same format. Use tools like the FISTS CW Weight Calculator to test potential options.
3. Search for Availability:
   Websites like RadioQTH.net allow users to check the availability of specific call signs.
4. Create a Preference List:
   Popular formats, such as 1×2 and 2×1, often have multiple applicants. To improve your chances, prepare a list of several call signs ranked by preference.

How to Apply for a Vanity Call Sign

Once you’ve selected your preferred call signs, it’s time to start the application process. Follow these steps:

1. Log in to the FCC License Manager:
   Visit the FCC License Manager website and log in using your credentials. If you’re a new user, create an account to access the portal.
2. Select the Application Type:
   • Choose Request Vanity Call Sign to apply for a new call sign based on personal preference.
   • If reclaiming a silent key’s call sign or a previously held call sign, select the relevant option.
3. Submit Call Sign Preferences:
   Enter up to 25 call signs in order of preference. This increases your chances of securing a call sign without needing to file another application.
4. Pay the Application Fee:
   Use the FCC’s CORES system to pay the $35 fee. Payments can be made via credit card, debit card, or bank transfer.
5. Monitor Your Application:
   Applications typically take 18 days to process. You can track the status in the FCC License Manager portal.

After Approval

Once your vanity call sign is approved, it will appear in the FCC database. At this point:

• Begin using the new call sign for all communications.
• Update your call sign in logbooks and online systems. For example, users of the World Radio League logbook should update their profiles to reflect the change.

FAQs About Vanity Call Signs

1. Can operators apply for multiple vanity call signs?
Yes, but each application requires a $35 fee.

2. Can a previously held call sign be reclaimed?
Yes, provided the call sign is still within the two-year reservation period after cancellation or change.

3. Is there a way to avoid the $35 fee?
Operators upgrading their license class (e.g., to General or Extra) can request a new sequential call sign at no extra cost during the upgrade process. This also applies during license renewal every 10 years.

4. How long does it take for the FCC to process a vanity call sign application?
The FCC typically processes applications within 18 days.

Conclusion

Applying for a vanity call sign is a rewarding process that allows operators to personalize their ham radio experience, honor loved ones, or gain a competitive edge. With careful planning and the right resources, securing the perfect call sign is a straightforward process.

For those looking to upgrade their license or learn more about ham radio, the Ham Radio Prep provides comprehensive lessons, quizzes, and practice tests. It’s never been easier to prepare for your next exam.

The post How to Get a Vanity Call Sign for Ham Radio appeared first on Ham Radio Prep.

• Create a FREE World Radio League Account and Logbook
• Supports multi-operator logging for clubs on the web and mobile app
• See Participants and Clubs Near You
• Enjoy the action will real time scoreboards and analytics
• Enroll for FREE now!

Welcome to this special introduction to Field Day, the biggest ham radio event of the year where tens of thousands of hams come together to operate, improve their skills, log contacts and compete, and in general just have a good time.

Whether you’re a seasoned operator or just starting out, if you’re a ham radio operator or even if you’re just thinking about getting into ham radio, you need to get involved in Field Day!

Don’t miss out on the fun – let’s take a closer look at field day and how you can get started.

Use Coupon Code FIELDDAY10 this weekend only to save 10% off all Ham Radio Prep courses!

Watch the YouTube Video for a Full Overview!

Introduction to Ham Radio Field Day – The biggest event of the year!

Field Day is always the 4th full weekend in June. In 2025, Field Day was on June 28 and 29. The great thing about Field Day is that whether you’re a serious contester or a beginner, you can get involved and have a great time.

During field day, ham radio clubs all over the US and even internationally will host meet-ups to operate together and log their contacts. There will be lots of traffic on the bands, so hams from home can hop on their radio and join in too.

Professor Jim N4BFR and James N0WRL enjoy some field day operations from the back porch!

How to Get Involved

Before Saturday when field day starts, here’s what you need to do.

First, I highly recommend finding a local club meetup. This is a great way to connect with other hams in your area to share knowledge and operate. You might even kick back with some refreshments and take turns operating the club station.

Find a Field Day Event Near You Here!

Within the World Radio League, you can also click “Find Members Near Me” to send a message to a local ham.

You can also search “Ham Radio Clubs Near Me” on Google, and send them a message to ask where they’ll be meeting up, or visit the club website for details.

They may have a posted/date time for the meetup with an open invite, but don’t be afraid to shoot them a message – the ham radio community is super welcoming to new folks. Even if you haven’t made your first contact yet or are still studying for your exam, it’s worth checking out.

To study for your ham radio license, check out the Ham Radio Prep License Courses.

Click Here to Enroll In Field Day 2025!

• Create a FREE World Radio League Account and Logbook
• Supports multi-operator logging for clubs on the web and mobile app
• See Participants and Clubs Near You
• Enjoy the action will real time scoreboards and analytics
• Enroll for FREE now!

Event Basics

By now you’re probably asking yourself, “Okay, so what actually happens during Field Day?”

Field Day is a combination of a social event, as well as a ham radio competition. The competition is open to all operators in IARU Region 2, which is North and South America.

Photo Credit: IARU.org

Event Start and End Time

The event starts at 1800 UTC Saturday, which is 2pm EST here in Atlanta, and ends at 2059 UTC Sunday, which is 4:59pm Sunday. You can only work a maximum of 24 consecutive hours for the competition.

Event Bands and Modes

The rules are pretty simple – try to make contacts with as many other stations as possible on essentially all the HF bands (160, 80, 40, 20, 15, and 10), as well as bands 50MHz or above. 

Because it is essentially an all-band all-mode contest, this is an event for the whole community, which makes it easy to hop in and get involved.

Even if you’re a beginner and not competitive, don’t be afraid to hop on and make some contacts.

Logging Your Contacts

When you start operating, it’s a great idea to log your contacts, either for the competition or just for your own personal reference.

The World Radio League offers an easy to use web logger that has Field Day information built in, so you can go to www.WorldRadioLeague.com and sign up for a free account so that you can log your contacts here.

Once the event starts, the World Radio League will generate you a logbook. Each time you make a contact, enter the basic information like call sign, mode and frequency, as well as the Field Day specific exchange.

Check out this guide on how to log your contacts if you’re new to logging.

Logging your contacts with the World Radio League logger is a great way to track your progress and connect with other hams around the globe.

You Need to Know Your Exchange!

An exchange is just additional information you’ll say when making a contact specific for the event.

In the case of Field Day, you have two exchanges:

1. The first is your Operating Class, and
2. the second is the ARRL / RAC Section.

So, before operating, you need to know your class and section. If you’re operating with a club, they’ll tell you what class to use.

How to Know Which Class To Use

Your class is the number of transmitter’s you’re using (usually 1) and then the class letter:

• Class A is generally used for clubs or small groups of 3 or more people who are portable.
• Class B is used for one or two people operating portable. If you’re operating from home and you use a battery, you can also generally claim class B. If you’re using a battery and less than 5 watts, you can use Class B – Battery.
• Class C is for mobile stations, including maritime and aeronautical mobile.
• Class D is for home stations, if you’re operating using home using your home power, you’ll generally use Class D.
• Class E is the same as home, except you’re operating off of emergency power, like battery or generator.
• Class F is for Emergency Operations Centers, at an established EOC site

So if you’re operating 1 transmitter, as a single person operating portable or battery power, you would say 1B or 1 bravo.

A two transmitter club station would say 2C or two charlie. Knowing your phonetic alphabet comes in handy here.

This is just a quick overview of the classes, so be sure to check the Field Day Rules if you want more specifics on choosing the right class.

How to Know Which Section to Use

Alright, so now that you know your class, you need to know your ARRL / RAC Section.

For many US states, your section is the same as the two letter abbreviation of the state. So for me in Georgia, my section is GA or Golf Alpha.

Some states, like Massachusetts, are further divided, in this case into Eastern Massachusetts or EMA, and Western Massachusetts, or WMA, so be sure to check the section reference to be sure.

Here is a reference of the Sections – use this guide to find your section.

Saying Your Exchange and Logging

So for me operating as a portable individual in Georgia with one transmitter, my exchanges would be:

• 1B, or 1 bravo, as my operating class
• And GA, or Golf Alpha, for my section.

Altogether my field day exchange is 1B (Class), GA (Section).

The World Radio League Logger provides a special logbook template that includes the Section and Class for the Field Day exchange.

And remember, you’ll be both sending and receiving exchanges when you’re logging so give your exchange and be sure to listen for the exchange of the other operator.

Contest Specifics

For the more serious contesters, you need to understand the different multipliers based on power, mode, location and much more.

In fact, there is a special bonus for getting new operators on the air, or GOTA bonus! So, if you’re new to ham radio and show up to an event, some clubs maybe be happy to help you get your first contact and claim their GOTA bonus, if they’re set up for it.

Even if you don’t have a license, you may be be able to hop in and make a contact under the supervision of a licensed operator. 

When field day is over, be sure to export your logs from WRL or logger of your choice and enter them in to the website for scoring and tracking!

I hope this has been helpful in learning the basics of Field Day, and I hope you get out and operate.

The Ham Radio Prep and World Radio League team will be checking out a few club events here in Atlanta, so look out for some videos on social.

You can also check out the live scoreboard on World Radio League to see other operators logging in real time.

See you at field day and I hope to hear you on the air soon – 73!

Click Here to Enroll In Field Day 2025!

• Create a FREE World Radio League Account and Logbook
• Supports multi-operator logging for clubs on the web and mobile app
• See Participants and Clubs Near You
• Enjoy the action will real time scoreboards and analytics
• Enroll for FREE now!

James N0WRL and the Ham Radio Prep Team

The post Ham Radio Field Day! appeared first on Ham Radio Prep.

I’m Jim, N4BFR, one of the instructors at Ham Radio Prep.

Amateur radio, or ham radio as it’s known, is defined by the government as having specific missions, including developing people skilled in electronics, creating international good will through communications, and providing public service communications when needed.

Famous Ham Radio Operators & What They Do

By telling the stories of a few of these 700 thousand hams, I hope you get insights on what ham radio might do for you.

1. Electronics Knowledge (Steve Wozniak)

To get your ham radio license, you’ll be asked about questions related to electricity and electronics – including components like resistors and how they work.

A kid named Steve learned electronics partly through ham radio; in fact, he earned his first license by the age of 10.  He went on to build his own radio and to use the knowledge of circuits and more to do something much bigger for society.

The Steve known in the ‘60s as WV6VLY is known better as just Woz.  Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple computers, is a former ham who developed electronics skills through amateur radio.

2. Radio Sport (Tom Georgens)

While we’re in Silicon Valley, let me introduce you to Tom.  During the day, Tom ran a multibillion-dollar data storage company.  On his weekends, he would blow off steam with radiosport.

That’s called “contesting” in ham radio.

Tom would fly from California to Barbados a few times a year and stay up for 48 hours straight trying to get the most countries in his log. Tom Georgens, W2SC, got his license at 14 and has actually won a few awards for his contesting. He’s also represented the US in the World Radiosport Team Championships.

3. International Communications (Hussein, JY1)

A special part of ham radio is international communications. Talking ham-to-ham around the world. If you grew up in a middle-eastern country in the ‘70s and we’re a bit of a radio hobbyist, you probably listened to shortwave radio. Shortwave broadcast frequencies border the ham bands and were rich with news to hear what the world was saying and doing.

One way to establish international fellowship was to communicate out of your homeland on Ham Radio. Establishing that with not just hams, but people around the world was a man named Hussein from Jordan. Hams know him as JY1, but people in his country called him King Hussein.

4. Out of this world radio (Owen Garriott)

One of the hams that King Hussein talked to was Owen.  Now Owen loved electronics and ham radio, but he loved space even more.  You see, ham radio and space go hand in hand; today there are satellites completely built by amateurs that pass over the skies.

When Owen went to work for NASA he made his first trip to space on Skylab III, but there was no ham radio in human spaceflight.  Yet.  So, on his second trip to space aboard Space Shuttle Columbia, he took ham radio with him and became the first ham to make a contact from space.

Owen Garriott, W5LFL, was on STS-9 at the time.  His son Richard would travel to the ISS and be one of the astronauts who makes contact with schools as part of the Amateur Radio on the International Space Station program.  50-60 contacts from the space station to students happen every year.

5. Experimentation (Joseph Taylor Jr)

Another tenant of ham radio is experimentation.  What can we do that’s different with radio waves?

That brings up Joe, a man whose day job was  listening to the stars, and helped turn many hams on to what is now the latest ham radio thing. This physicist spends his time in ham radio developing software that makes it easier to communicate and hear messages at very low noise levels.

We know him as K1JT but rediscovering ham radio is something Dr. Joseph Taylor did after he won a Nobel Prize for his radio astronomy work focused on listening for messages from pulsars in outer space.  That’s done through the WSJT software, which stands for “Weak Signal, Joe Taylor.”

Some Names you May Know

There are a few other hams whose names you might recognize.  The “Tech Guy” Leo Laporte, is W6TWT.  He runs the TWIT podcast network.

Rocker Joe Walsh of the Eagles is WB6ACU.  He used to send Morse code from the back of a tour bus.

Joe’s friend is Bob Heil, K9EID.  Bob invented instruments and created sound systems for stadium shows.

Don’t forget toolman Tim Allen – KK6OTD – who picked up his ham license after he played a ham on his TV show “Last Man Standing.”

Another is Dr. Tamitha Skov – WX6SWW – who appears on science shows spreading the word about how the sun and other space phenomenon impact the way our cell phones work.

One More Ham to Meet

Let me introduce you to one last ham; I’ll call him or her Elmer. He or she has taken on the mission of “public service communications.”  Elmer spends evenings and weekends preparing and practicing their ham radio. Elmer wants to be ready to serve their community  “when communications assistance is needed” like in blackouts or storms.

Elmer may live up the street from you. They are the neighbor with the strange antenna on their pickup truck, or the person along the marathon route sending messages back to race control.

Elmer has additional training in communications to be federally certified above his or her ham license.  They’ve  joined groups with names like ARES and RACES.  Elmer has a “go bag” with a radio and big battery.  They can take that and stand on a street corner, ready to call the police if 911 goes out in Elmer’s town.  Elmer is ready to jump in when something catastrophic happens in New Orleans or Puerto Rico, or any one of a bunch of small disasters here at home.

Now, Elmer really is a made-up name that represents thousands of people named Donna or Chuck, Jack or Patricia. People who have fun with their hobby, helping out with a local bike-a-thon or festival. People who know it’s all practice for something bigger they hope they never have to use.

In Ham Radio, we use the term Elmer as a mentor, helping one ham learn from the next.

Is there a benefit of Elmer sitting at their home station talking to other countries, or amateur satellites, or just a repeater across town?  Yes, it’s practice.  Practice to know how to get their antenna pointed, which of those 23 frequency bands to use, and how to get their gear set up in case of communications failures.

Recap

So a few celebrities, and mostly Elmers, are the people who make ham radio what it is. People talking internationally hoping to make contact with a king or just add a new country to their personal list. People with a thirst for knowledge about how radio works or how electronics works. People who want to help their community or others when communications networks like cellular and public safety are down.

Don’t forget the woman down the street who wants to fly a drone on some less busy ham frequencies. Or a guy who just thinks it’s cool he can go in his backyard and talk to someone thousands of miles away by using an amateur satellite.  Or any other aspect of this mile-wide hobby I might have missed out on.

Every person’s experience with ham radio is different.  What’s yours going to be?  It doesn’t have to be a single one.  You can start by talking across town and end with messages through the skies.  Start by learning Morse code and sending messages from a radio the size of a mint tin.  Morse isn’t required for you license these days, but a lot of cool kids still do it.

When you are ready to get started and join Elmer, and the others, visit us at Ham Radio Prep. We have easy to use license courses that will help you get your callsign and get on the air.

For more videos like this, please like and subscribe to our YouTube channel.

Check us out!  We look forward to hearing you on the air soon. Until then, I’m Jim – N4BFR – 73 for now.

The post Famous Ham Radio Operators: The People of Ham Radio appeared first on Ham Radio Prep.

These clubs offer a platform for both beginners and seasoned operators to engage in various activities, from technical projects to social events, and serve as vital hubs for learning and collaboration within the amateur radio world.

Explore Amateur Radio Clubs at a Hamfest

When Ham Radio Prep team went to the Stone Mountain Hamfest, Jim, N4BFR, our instructor, talked to a few clubs at the hamfest about their role in amateur radio and the benefits of joining a ham radio club.

1. North Fulton Amateur Radio League

The North Fulton Amateur Radio League stands out as a significant and award-winning group. Their focus isn’t just on repeaters and events; they place a special emphasis on supporting children.

Their annual event, Ham Jam, combines an educational experience about ham radio with a noble cause, as proceeds go towards STEM education initiatives. Joining this club means contributing to both local community and the broader field of technology education.

2. Gwinnett Amateur Radio Society

Gwinnett Amateur Radio Society, another award-winning club, specializes in emergency communications.

Their strength lies in training members in various ham radio skills. This club offers opportunities to explore different specialties within the ham radio world, making it a hub for those eager to learn and grow in the field.

3. Georgia AUXCOMM

Georgia AUXCOMM’s dedication to working with state organizations for emergency communication is commendable.

They play a crucial role in ensuring that ham radio is available and effective during critical times, demonstrating the importance of ham radio in public safety and emergency response.

4. Barrow County Amateur Radio Club

Barrow County Club is notable for selling quality gear and advocating for ham radio initiatives, like securing free amateur radio license plates in Georgia.

This club also offers an educational environment, with experienced members (Elmers) guiding newcomers through various aspects of ham radio.

5. Atlanta Radio Club

The Atlanta Radio Club, with its diverse range of repeaters, is a prime example of a club where members can both receive and provide guidance.

As a past president of this club, Jim highlights the reciprocal nature of learning in ham radio clubs – it’s as much about giving help as it is about getting it.

Why Should You Join a Club?

Joining a ham radio club offers numerous benefits. It’s not only about technical learning but also about being part of a supportive community. Clubs provide opportunities for hands-on experience, mentorship, and involvement in various projects.

They cater to different interests within ham radio, from emergency communications to digital modes, making them ideal for exploring and diving deep into amateur radio.

• Learning opportunities: Many clubs offer classes and workshops on a variety of topics related to amateur radio, from operating procedures to antenna building.
• Community: Joining a club is a great way to connect with other amateur radio enthusiasts in your area. You can share your experiences and learn from others.
• Resources: Clubs often have access to equipment and resources that individual members may not have. This can include test equipment, antennas, and other tools.
• Events: Many clubs organize events such as field days, contests, and community service projects. These can be fun opportunities to get involved and put your skills to use.

How to Join a Club?

If you’re interested in amateur radio and looking to connect with like-minded individuals, joining a ham radio club can be a great option.

The easiest way to find local ham radio clubs is to do a quick online search. You can also check with your local radio store or electronics retailer, as they may have information on local clubs.

Additionally, the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) has a club search tool on their website that can help you find clubs in your area.

Conclusion

Ham Radio clubs offer a world of opportunities for learning, community engagement, and personal growth. They cater to various aspects of the hobby, from technical expertise to social interaction, making them invaluable for anyone interested in amateur radio.

Whether you’re just starting or looking to dive deep, finding the right club will help you learn more and provide a way to become more involved in amateur radio.

The post Why Should You Join an Amateur Radio Club? appeared first on Ham Radio Prep.

Jim, N4BFR, one of the instructors at Ham Radio Prep took a dive into the semi-secret world of numbers stations, and what the US military is doing when they send out these codes.

What are Military Numbers Stations?

If I were a spymaster working for a 3-letter agency, there would be times I need to get a message to one of my operatives in another country. Maybe “The Plan is GO! Capture the McGuffin”.

Here’s my problem. I need to get this to them in the next 24 hours, but I don’t want to make physical contact with them or send out something over email that might compromise them because it’s traceable. What should I do?

I got it!  There are radios everywhere.  I’ll encode it in a radio message. We’ll agree on a frequency and time in advance. If the message includes Alpha Charlie Echo, my spy will know to GO!

If the message includes Victor X-ray Zulu… get out of there quickly… it’s a trap!  Anything else is just noise.

How the US Military Uses HF Communications?

This is the principle behind a numbers station on HF. Every day there are stations that send out nothing but this kind of information, and one of the biggest is operated by the US government.

I’m talking about the High Frequency Global Communications System. Operated by the Air Force and also used by the Navy, the HFGCS sends out coded messages at random times of the day or night.  24-7-365 their network of stations can send out several different kinds of messages for the military.

Interested in mastering HF communications? Check out our HF Masterclass!

Understanding the Frequencies and Types of Messages

The frequencies 8992 kilohertz and 11175 kilohertz are always ready to send, with other frequencies being used as well depending on solar propagation through the day.

These messages range in priority. There’s no set time, you’ll just be listening and hear something like this, called an “emergency action message”.

You’ll hear those messages fairly frequently. They could be ordering our spy to be ready to go into action, or they could be telling the folks in a missile silo it’s pizza for lunch again. Hey, you gotta practice, right?

Ah, there’s a priority message. Those Skyking messages are thought to be more time-sensitive; they can even interrupt a normal Emergency Action Message.

Does every message indicate an impending missile launch? No… but this might be one of the ways those messages are sent by the military. This communications system allows for redundancy in that kind of message that might also be sent by satellite, a computer network, or even telephone.

One-Way vs Two-Way Military Communications

So far, we’ve talked about one-way messages. They get read out twice and they are done.

You’ll also hear some two-way transmissions on these frequencies as sometimes aircraft will check in with the network. There are nearby frequencies to send digital messages or conduct other communications from planes and ships.

Numbers Stations Around the World

What other countries do this? Well, there’s a station in Russia we call “The Buzzer” on 4625 kilohertz that sends a constantly droning tone and some occasional voice messages. It has been on the air since the 1970s. The word online says if the buzzer stops sending, it’s time to start worrying.

There are other numbers stations out there, too. They pop up randomly on shortwave. Some say they are from other countries; some say they are drug dealers who have adopted the practice. They are probably both right.

Many countries have their own shortwave broadcasting stations. Radio Havana Cuba appears on shortwave every day. Could there be messages in those broadcasts that are not intended for us? Why not? The British did it during World War II.

Listening to Military Communications

There are two more places to listen to military communications if you are just getting started.

The Armed Forces Network has a shortwave service that broadcasts entertainment programs to service personnel around the world. Check out these frequencies to try and pick it up.

Break out your scanner, or the scanner function on your handheld, because the military has use of many VHF and UHF Frequencies.

Here are some places to listen:

• In the VHF Low Band between 30 and 54 Megahertz, and yes, they are a  shared user in the 6 meter ham band
• Around 138 to 150 Megahertz, but skip the 2 meter ham band
• 225 to 400 Megahertz, you’ll get a mix of FM, AM and Digital
• 243.0 Megahertz is an equivalent of the 121.5 Aviation “Guard” emergency channel

In my area between 225 and 380 Megahertz, I pick up military aviation, but you might hear much different activity depending on your location.

Equipment Needed to Monitor Numbers Stations

So, what do you need to monitor military communications?

If you want to hear Skyking and other Emergency Action Messages, most HF radios will pick up the HFGCS frequencies, and even some handhelds have an HF tuner.

You also can buy a dedicated shortwave radio; just make sure it offers upper-side band monitoring capability. For VHF and UHF, a scanner or HT will do, but if it does AM and FM receiving, you’ll have more luck.

If you are wondering if you can set up a numbers station at home with your ham radio the answer is NO! FCC rules say one-way transmissions are for emergencies or training. No numbers stations are allowed.

Conclusion

Want to find more information about military communications? Larry Van Horn, N5FPW, publishes lots of great information and books in his blog. Thanks to Larry’s site and Wikipedia for providing some source information for this video.

Want to hear more about military communications or other ham radio related topics?  Follow us, then drop a note in the comments so we know what you’re interested in.

We talk all things amateur radio, with a little shortwave mixed in. Bring those military communications stories, too. We hope to hear you, and some numbers stations, on the air soon.

Don’t forget to visit us at WorldRadioLeague.com as well. Sign up for free to start logging your contacts and also our amazing community where we talk all things amateur radio, with a little shortwave mixed in.

We hope to hear you, and some numbers stations, on the air soon.

The post Military Numbers Stations appeared first on Ham Radio Prep.

What is Ham Radio Jargon?

Ham radio has its own language, deeply rooted in its history, particularly in Telegraphy and Morse code from the 1850s. Getting licensed and learning this jargon is essential to navigate the world of amateur radio successfully.

Common Ham Radio Terms Explained

Elmer: The Ham Radio Mentor

An “Elmer” in ham radio is a mentor who guides you through various aspects of the hobby, be it Morse code or antenna setup. Every hobbyist can benefit from an Elmer.

Decoding Equipment Terms

In ham radio, terms like “radio,” “rig,” or “unit” refer to devices capable of sending or receiving radio signals. The terms “receiver” and “transmitter” distinguish between devices used for listening and sending signals, respectively. Understanding these terms is crucial for every amateur radio operator.

Understanding Transceivers

A “transceiver” combines a transmitter and receiver into one device. They can range in size and functionality, catering to different needs within the ham radio community. For a deeper dive into ham radio equipment, you can check out our article on Ham Radio Antennas.

Morse Code in Ham Radio

Morse code remains a crucial aspect of ham radio. There are different types of Morse code keys, like the “straight key” or “paddle,” each offering a unique way of sending Morse code.

To understand more about Morse code, read our article on Morse Code in Ham Radio.

Antennas and Cables

The antenna and cable are vital for effective ham radio communication. Terms like “coaxial cable,” “dipole,” “vertical,” and “yagi” are commonly used to describe various types of equipment. Understanding these can greatly enhance your ham radio experience.

Communicating in Ham Radio

Calling CQ: Seeking Communication

“CQ” signals a call for communication in ham radio. It’s an open invitation for others to respond and engage in a conversation. This term is fundamental in ham radio communications.

DX and Awards

“DX” refers to long-distance communication. Achieving the “DXCC Award” is a milestone for ham radio operators, signifying confirmed contacts with 100 countries. For more on awards and achievements in ham radio, check out ARRL. You can also read our article on Ham Radio Satellites.

Q Codes and Their Usage

Q codes like QRP (low power), QTH (location), and QSY (changing frequency) are shorthand methods for quick communication in ham radio. These codes are essential for efficient and effective communication on the air. For more about Q Codes, you can read Ham Radio Q Codes.

Sign-Off Codes: 73 and 88

The codes “73,” meaning “best regards,” and “88,” signifying “love and kisses,” are traditional sign-offs in ham radio communications. They hold a special place in the heart of the ham radio community. To understand their significance, you can read What Does 73 Mean in Ham Radio.

The Importance of SOS

The SOS signal, a universal distress signal in Morse code, underscores the vital role of ham radio in safety and emergencies. Its continued use and recognition highlight the importance of ham radio in global communication.

Conclusion

Mastering ham radio jargon opens up a world of communication and community. If you’re ready to start making your own ham radio QSOs, consider getting licensed through our comprehensive courses at Ham Radio Prep. With over 70,000 people licensed thanks to our courses, we’re ready to help you join the world of amateur radio.

The post Understanding Ham Radio Jargon appeared first on Ham Radio Prep.

Ham Radio, also known as amateur radio, is a popular choice among hobbyists, emergency responders, and those looking to connect with a global community of operators. On the other hand, GMRS is a land-mobile FM UHF radio service that caters to families and small groups looking for short-range communication.

By understanding the differences between Ham Radio and GMRS, you can make an informed decision about which communication system best suits your needs and preferences.

What is Ham Radio?

Ham Radio is officially known as amateur radio. It is a licensed and regulated form of wireless communication that allows users to communicate with each other locally, nationally, or even internationally.  The reason for the term “amateur” is they are all unpaid volunteers.

Ham radio operators use various types of radio equipment to connect with fellow users for both recreational and emergency purposes. The amateur radio community is known for its ability to provide vital communication services during disasters and emergencies when traditional communication networks may be compromised.

Ham Radio Bands and Frequencies

Ham radio operators have access to a wide range of frequencies, including high frequency (HF), very high frequency (VHF), and ultra-high frequency (UHF) bands. Each band has its unique characteristics and propagation properties, allowing operators to communicate over short or long distances, depending on the specific band and operating conditions.

Some of the most popular ham bands include:

Disclaimer: Please note that these are some of the popular ham radio bands, and actual frequency allocations may vary slightly by country or region. Also, some of these bands may be limited to specific types of communication or have restrictions based on the operator’s license class. See all the ham radio band plans here.

Ham Radio Licensing Levels and Privileges

In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires individuals to obtain a license to operate on amateur radio frequencies.

There are three levels of licenses available: Technician, General, and Amateur Extra Class. Each license level grants the operator specific privileges and access to additional frequency bands.

• Technician Class: This entry-level license is the most common among new ham radio operators. It grants access to VHF and UHF bands, allowing for local and regional communication. To obtain a Technician Class license, you must pass a 35-question multiple-choice exam.
• General Class: The General Class license expands the operator’s privileges, providing access to HF bands for long-distance communication. To upgrade to a General Class license, you must pass a 35-question multiple-choice exam in addition to holding a Technician Class license.
• Amateur Extra Class: The Amateur Extra Class license is the highest level of licensing and offers the most privileges, including access to all available amateur radio frequencies. To obtain an Extra Class license, you must pass a 50-question multiple-choice exam and already hold a General Class license.

You can study with Ham Radio Prep’s License Courses to pass your licensing exam fast with video and text lessons and more.

Each license level requires the operator to have a solid understanding of radio theory, regulations, and operating procedures. You can get your ham radio license easily and get on the air!

What is GMRS?

General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a licensed radio service in the United States that operates UHF bands. GMRS was initially designed for business and personal use, allowing communication between mobile, handheld, and base station radios.

Today, GMRS is popular among outdoor enthusiasts, off-roaders, and families for short-range communications in areas where cell phone coverage may be limited or unavailable.

GMRS Channels and Frequencies

GMRS operates on 30 specific channels, 22 of which are shared with the Family Radio Service (FRS). The frequency range for GMRS includes UHF bands, with frequencies between 462 MHz and 467 MHz.

These channels are divided as follows:

• Channels 1-7:  FRS 2 Watts / GMRS 5 Watts (462.5625 MHz to 462.7125 MHz)
• Channels 8-14: FRS and GMRS Low power (0.5 Watts) (467.5625 MHz to 467.7125 MHz)
• Channels 15-22: FRS 2 Watts / GMRS 50 Watts (462.550 MHz to 462.725 MHz)
• Channels 23-30: GMRS repeater input channels (467.550 MHz to 467.725 MHz)

Channels with the 20 kHz higher bandwidth can send a higher quality voice signal than an 12.5 kHz signal which may have less fidelity but should still be clear.

GMRS Licensing and Privileges

To operate on GMRS channels, individuals need to obtain a GMRS license from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The license covers the licensee and their immediate family members, and it is valid for ten years. No exam is required to obtain a GMRS license, but there is a fee associated with the application. You can learn more about the licensing process and associated costs from FCC’s website.

GMRS licensees are allowed to use higher power levels compared to FRS users, up to 50 watts on some channels. Licensees can also use GMRS repeaters, which can extend the range of their radio communications significantly.

The practicality of GMRS extends beyond just family use. As highlighted by Gary Beckstedt, founder of North Georgia GMRS, GMRS networks like the one in North Georgia can play a crucial role in emergency situations, providing a dependable communication link in areas without cellular coverage.

For instance, the Cades Cove repeater in the North Georgia network ensures connectivity even in remote locations, proving invaluable for emergency preparedness and safety.

GMRS radios and range

GMRS radios are available in various form factors, including handheld, mobile, and base station units. The range of GMRS radios depends on factors such as radio power, antenna type, and terrain. In ideal conditions, handheld GMRS radios can provide a range of 1-5 miles, while mobile and base station units can achieve ranges of 5-25 miles or more when using repeaters.

GMRS licensing structure is very family-friendly as a single GMRS license covers not just the individual but the entire family.

This makes GMRS as a practical choice for family communication, especially during outdoor adventures or in areas with unreliable cell service. The network is also a reliable choice for broader community communication, for example, the extensive coverage of the North Georgia GMRS network.

When choosing a GMRS radio, it is essential to consider the type of use and the desired range.

In 2017 the FCC opened up access beyond voice usage to allow text messaging and GPS data usage in the GMRS service.

The Differences Between Ham Radio and GMRS

Both ham radio and GMRS are licensed services which means you must have a grant from the FCC to use them.  The path to your ham radio license requires an exam after learning some basic rules and electronics information.  That will give you access to a wide range of spectrum for use.

The path to a GMRS license is completing an application form at the FCC’s website. GMRS requires no exam. You will receive a call sign and license to operate on the 22 allocated GMRS channels for you and your family.

Ham radio has a larger and usually more technical community. GMRS focuses on local, family-oriented communication using a narrow set of channels with a shorter range.

License Requirements for GMRS and Amateur Radio

Ham radio operators are required to obtain a license from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to ensure they have the necessary technical knowledge to operate radios safely and responsibly. The licensing process involves passing an exam, and there are three levels of licenses available: Technician, General, and Extra. Each level grants additional operating privileges on different bands and frequencies. The current license fee for a new ham is $35 for 10 years.

GMRS license covers the entire family. Unlike ham radio licenses, GMRS licenses do not require an exam. A single GMRS license covers the licensee and their immediate family members, allowing them to communicate on GMRS channels. The license is valid for ten years, and there is a fee associated with the application.  The current fee for a new GMRS license is $35.

Communication Range and Frequencies

UHF Bands

Both ham radio and GMRS operate in the UHF bands.  Ham radio operators have access to a broader range of frequencies (420-450 MHz), GMRS users have a more limited selection of channels (462 & 467 MHz). However, both services offer reliable communication options for various purposes and situations.

Ham Radio Repeaters vs GMRS Repeaters

Repeaters are used in both ham radio and GMRS to extend the range of radio communications. They are placed on tops of buildings or hilltops to enable communications over a wider area.  If you are on the other side of a city or county, a repeater allows you to talk across the entire area.  Ham and GMRS repeaters can be found throughout the country, maintained by local clubs and organizations.

This example shows a truck with a radio sending their signal to a repeater on on frequency and having it shared out or “repeated” on another.

There are thousands of ham radio repeaters in the US.  In California alone there are more than 1,200 repeaters used in the 420-450 MHz range.  Some of these are used for local analog talk, some are enhanced for digital communications through the Internet around the world.   There is a good chance you are near coverage of a ham radio repeater in this scenario.

GMRS repeaters are also available for use by licensed operators. There are a little more than 700 GMRS Repeaters in the US, and only 38 in California.  Deep diving into the state of Georgia, there are 9 GMRS repeaters, 4 are “open” meaning for anyone’s use.  The other 5 are “closed” meaning you may need to be a member of a club or group to be able to access.   This makes it more difficult to access a GMRS repeater if you need it.  You could be out of range or trying to use a “closed” system.

The range of ham radio communications can vary greatly depending on factors such as power output, antenna type, and propagation conditions. Generally, ham radio operators can achieve long-distance communication using various techniques and equipment, making it a versatile and powerful communication tool.

You can do more with Ham Radio!

Putting aside the technical advantages of ham radio, the amateur radio community is a diverse group of people who are passionate, with many dedicating their time and expertise to various activities within the hobby.

Some of the most fun activities for hams around the world are:

Emergency communications

Ham radio operators play a crucial role during emergencies and natural disasters, providing essential communication services when other systems fail. They work closely with organizations like the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) and the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) to coordinate and relay information in times of crisis.

Contesting

Many amateur radio operators enjoy participating in contests, which are organized events where operators compete to make as many contacts as possible within a specified time frame.  These contests often focus on specific bands or modes of operation and can be both a fun challenge and a great way to improve your operating skills.

DXing

DXing is the pursuit of making long-distance contacts, often with operators in other countries or remote locations. Ham radio operators engage in DXing to test their equipment, experiment with different propagation modes, and collect QSL cards, which are postcard-sized confirmations of contact between two operators.

Here are some fancy HF radios for DXers.

Satellite communication

Some ham radio operators use amateur radio satellites to communicate with other operators around the world. These satellites are launched and maintained by organizations like AMSAT, which provides a unique and exciting opportunity for operators to explore space-based communication.

Ham radio is also active on the International Space Station.  Using the repeaters on the ISS lets you make contacts up to 2,000 miles away and you might just get to talk to an astronaut in their free time. Satellite communications is another area that is included in the Technician level license for ham that does not come with GMRS.

Joining Amateur Radio Clubs

Ham radio clubs and organizations provide a great way for operators to connect with like-minded individuals, share knowledge, and participate in group activities. These clubs often organize events such as field days, presentations, and license exam sessions.

Experimentation and technical innovation

The Ham Radio community has a long history of technical innovation and experimentation. Operators often build their own radio equipment, antennas, and accessories, or modify existing equipment to improve performance or add new features. This spirit of experimentation helps drive the advancement of radio technology and fosters a culture of learning and collaboration.

By participating in these activities and engaging with the wider ham radio community, amateur radio operators can develop new skills, forge lifelong friendships, and contribute to the ongoing advancement of radio technology and communication.

For more information on selecting the right radio for your needs, check out this article on the best handheld ham radios.

How to Pick Between Ham Radio and GMRS

When you’re deciding between going the GMRS route vs the ham radio route, it’s good to consider a few things.

Interestingly, GMRS often serves as a stepping stone to amateur radio. As Gary says, many GMRS users develop an interest in the more technical aspects of radio communication and eventually transition to amateur radio.

This relationship underscores the complementary nature of GMRS and ham radio, with GMRS providing an accessible entry point for families and individuals into the world of radio communications.

What’s Your Intended Use (e.g., emergency preparedness, hobbies, offroading)

When deciding between ham radio and GMRS, it’s essential to consider your intended use for the communication system. If you plan to use the radio for preparing for emergencies, ham radio is the better option due to its versatility, much higher range, and access to various communication modes.

For hobbies such as offroading or local communication with family members, GMRS can provide a simpler, user-friendly solution.

When choosing a communication system, knowing your intended use is important to find the best option for you. Here’s a closer look at how to pick the right radio service for you!

Preparing for Emergency Communication

In situations where reliable communication is vital, such as during natural disasters or other emergencies, ham radio is an excellent choice. Ham radio operators have access to a wide range of frequencies and communication modes, allowing them to connect with other amateur radio operators, emergency services, and even international contacts. Additionally, the ham radio community is known for its public service and involvement in emergency communication networks and has established and well practiced groups ready for action.

Just a Hobby for Having Fun

If your primary goal is to communicate with friends or family members during recreational activities, GMRS might be a more suitable option.

With its user-friendly operation and straightforward licensing process, GMRS can be quickly set up and used for local communication. For example, offroading enthusiasts can use GMRS radios to stay in touch with other members of their group while exploring trails and navigating challenging terrain.

GMRS lower cost of entry might make it a good place to start to see if kids are interested in the radio hobby before testing them for an amateur radio license.   Kids can even experiment with FRS radios, which share GMRS frequencies.  A pair of radios can run less than $50 and no license is needed.

Offroading

When you’re off-grid, GMRS radios can provide the necessary communication range to stay connected with other drivers or base camp. These radios are designed for ease to use and can be mounted in vehicles or carried as handheld devices.

However, if you require more extended-range communications, ham radio is still the better choice due to its access to repeaters and a broader range of frequencies. See our detailed guide for using a ham radio for offroading.

So, that’s how you choose between ham radio and GMRS. Consider how you plan to use the radio, the range you require, and the level of complexity you’re willing to manage when making your decision.

Conclusion

After comparing Ham Radio and GMRS, you can see that both have their pros and cons. Ham Radio is more versatile and can communicate over longer distances, but it requires a license and more technical knowledge.

On the other hand, getting a GMRS license is super easy and it’s also easy to use but does have a limited range and channels.

When deciding which one to use, it really depends on your specific needs and preferences. If you are interested in emergency communication or long-distance communication, Ham Radio may be the better choice for you. If you are looking for a simple and easy-to-use radio for personal or family communication, GMRS may be the better option.

It’s also worth noting that there are other types of radios available, such as CB radio and FRS radio, that may be more suitable for certain situations. It’s important to explore and consider all other options before making a decision.

Ultimately, both Ham Radio and GMRS have their place in the world of radio communication. Whether you’re a hobbyist, a prepper, or just looking for a reliable way to communicate with others, there is a radio out there that will fit your needs.

The post Ham Radio vs GMRS: Which to Pick? appeared first on Ham Radio Prep.

What is Morse Code?

–   ….   .-   -.   -.-   …
..-.   —   .-.
.-.   .   .-   -..   ..   -.   –.

Do you understand the message? You may recognize the signature dots and dashes, but less than 1 percent of the population actually can read it. That is because Morse code is used by only a percentage of amateur radio operators today.

Created in the 1830s by Samuel F.B. Morse, it revolutionized long-range communications. In its heyday, Morse code was a common, standardized method of communication used by the military, amateur radio operators, translators and others and gave anyone the ability to converse directly with someone over great distances, using as little bandwidth as possible.

These properties were the reason it was used so heavily in the military, as it provided an efficient way to get information to and from the battlefield. While it may not be used in practice as much today, up until 1991, in order to get an entry-level ham license, you were required to demonstrate you could copy Morse code messages. Because Morse proficiency is not required these days, many amateurs today don’t bother learning the skill.

Additionally, computers and other electronics now can send and receive Morse code messages without the knowledge to translate the dots and dashes. However, there are specific devices that can help send morse code messages that are still in use today.

This is a straight key, a device used to manually input Morse code. When tapped, it makes the classic beeping noise on the other end that always accompanies its use in pop culture. You might wonder how in the world someone could talk to someone using a single button? It seems strange that people can communicate clearly using beeps.

Watch this video to hear what Morse code sounds like!

Morse code sound:

Morse code alphabet

Morse code transmits via a deceptively simple set of codes that, when tapped correctly, are meant to represent each letter or number of the message. In this set of codes, there are two types of signals. “.” Or dots and “—” or dashes. The dots are short sounds, and the dashes are long sounds (roughly 3 times as long as a dot). Between each dot or dash, the operator can leave a short moment of silence known as a space. The letters of a word are separated by a short space (3 dots long) and words are separated by a long space (7 dots long).

Using these three simple gestures, a trained Morse code operator can send Morse Code, aka CW (continuous wave), messages at a rate of 5 to 35 words per minute. It may not seem very fast in today’s world, but back in the 1830s when Morse was invented, it was revolutionary for its speed and accuracy. At the time, it was the only efficient way to transmit messages across great distances.

Learning Morse requires the operator to know all 26 letters of the English language as well as numbers. Below is a chart showing Morse code for each letter and number. Each dot represents a tap of the key — and a dash represents a slightly longer hold on the key.

Masters of Morse can input codes at great speed, watch the video below to see a real master, operate a vintage straight key!

Operator video:

Modern day Morse

It is interesting to note that Morse code still to this day is one of the easiest and least taxing ways to send long range messages that get through when voice communications may not. CW takes up about 150 Hz of bandwidth and requires as little as 5 watts of power to transmit. Compare that to today’s modern radios that can use upwards of 100 watts of power and take 30 to 40 times the amount of bandwidth for voice!

Challenge: Try and use the chart above to decode the statement at the beginning of this article!

Learning Morse code

Google does many things, but did you know you can use it to learn Morse? Morse Typing Trainer is a program designed by Google to help people learn and practice Morse code simply and easily! It is totally free and requires only a computer or mobile device to get started. It features a full rundown of each letter, accompanied by an image to help recall the code later. For example, the code for the letter “A” is “.-“. In the program, an archery bow is shown to illustrate what the code looks like and help you remember. Click here to check out this amazing service.

Choosing the Right Key for Learning CW

As you start practicing Morse code, the type of key you use can make a big difference in your learning experience. This guide on choosing your first Morse code key breaks down the pros and cons of straight keys versus paddles and explains what to look for in your first setup. It also includes an overview of different key designs—including some insights from a visit to the Begali booth at a recent hamfest. If you’re curious about how different keys perform or what might suit your operating style, it’s worth checking out. Watch the video below to see one of these keys in action.

Additional Resources:

• https://hamradioprep.com/history-of-ham-radio/
• https://morsedecoder.com/
• http://www.arrl.org/code-practice-files
• http://www.arrl.org/learning-morse-code

The post Introduction to Morse Code: An art of the past still important for ham radio today appeared first on Ham Radio Prep.

In this guide:

On a local repeater, you’ll often hear someone say, “QTH here is Springfield” or “Let’s QSY to the .96 machine.” These hams aren’t using some secret code—secret codes aren’t allowed on the ham bands. They’re using Q-codes.

What are Q Codes?

Q-Codes (also called Q-Signals) are three letter combinations that begin with the letter Q that CW operators use in place of common phrases. Originally intended for use only by radiotelegraph operators, Q-codes have become a permanent part of the hobby’s jargon, and many hams use them on phone as well as in face-to-face conversations.

For example, QTH stands for “My location is _____.” So, when I send QTH ANN ARBOR MI I am telling the other operator that I am located in Ann Arbor, MI. When followed by a question mark, the Q-signal turns into a question. So, QTH? asks the question, “What is your location?”

The Origin of Q Codes

The original Q-signals were created in the early 1900s by the British Postmaster General for use by British ships and coast stations. They proved to be so useful, however, that radio operators worldwide began using them. One reason they proved to be so useful is that they can even be used by operators speaking different languages. When an English-speaking operator receives QTH? they understand it to mean, “What is your location?” A Slovak-speaking operator will translate that to, “Aká je tvoja poloha?” while a German-speaking operator will hear, “Wo befinden Sie sich?”

At the Second International Radiotelegraph Convention in London in July 1912, the delegates adopted a list of 45 different Q-codes. Many of these Q-codes are no longer used. For example, QRF stands for “I am bound from ________.” But, many, such as QTH, QSY, QRM, and others, are still used today more than 100 years later.

Q Codes today

Here’s a list of the Q-codes that are still in use on the ham bands today:

Download Printable PDF

How to use Q Codes

QRL / QRL? – I am busy. / Are you busy?

The most common usage for this Q-signal is to ask if a frequency is in use before beginning to call CQ or another station. The station wishing to use the frequency would send QRL? If the frequency is in use, the station using the frequency, should send QRL or simply C. 

QRM / QRM? – You are being interfered with. / Is my transmission being interfered with? 

QRM is often used (incorrectly) as a noun. For example, someone might send, LOTS OF QRM TONITE.

QRN / QRN? – You are being troubled by static or atmospheric noise. / Are you troubled by static or atmospheric noise?

Like QRM, QRN is often misused as a noun. For example, someone might send, LOTS OF QRN ON THE BAND TONITE.

QRO / QRO? – I will increase power. / Shall I increase transmitter power?

Often, QRO is used as an adjective. For example, someone might send, I AM QRO NW, meaning that his transmitter is running a significant amount of power, usually more than the 100 watts of output power that most HF transceivers have today. 

QRP / QRP? – I will decrease power. / Shall I decrease transmitter power?

QRP is most often used as an adjective. If someone says, RIG HR IS QRP, what they mean is that the power output of the transmitter is 5 W or less. To qualify for the QRP category of most contests, your transmitter output power must be 5 W or less. 

QRS / QRS? – Send slower. / Shall I send slower?

Feel free to use this Q-signal should you get into a contact with someone who is sending faster than you can receive. The courteous thing to do is for the faster operator to slow down when requested to do so. 

QRT / QRT? – Stop sending. / Shall I stop sending?

Common amateur usage is a little different than the original meaning. When someone sends MUST QRT  or WILL QRT they mean that they are going to go off the air. 

QRU / QRU? – I have nothing for you. / Do you have anything for me?

This Q-signal was originally used by amateurs who were sending and receiving radiograms. They would use this Q-signal to signal the other operator that they had no messages for them or to ask if they had any messages that needed to be passed. Now, however, you’ll sometimes hear stations say, I AM QRU, meaning that unless you have something further to say, they wish to end the contact. They probably also mean this if they send QRU? 

QRV / QRV? – I am ready. / Are you ready?

Originally, this meant that a station was ready to copy a message. Nowadays, it means that they are ready to get on the air. 

QRZ ____ / QRZ? – ____ is calling you. / Who is calling me?

In contests or DX operation, a station will often send QRZ? to denote that he’s finished with one contact and will begin listening for other stations. This is a little different than the original meaning. 

QSB / QSB? – Your signals are fading. / Are my signals fading?

Like QRM and QRN, QSB is often used as a noun (instead of the word “fading”) even sometimes as an adjective. For example, someone might say, THE BAND IS VY QSB TONITE.

QSL / QSL? – I acknowledge receipt. / Can you acknowledge receipt?

QSL was originally meant to be used to acknowledge receipt of a formal message. Now, it is often used to denote that a transmission was received, whether or not it contained a formal message. We also use it as an adjective, as in “QSL card.” A QSL card acknowledges that we had a contact with the station to whom we sent the card. 

QSO___ / QSO___? – I can communicate with ___ directly. / Can you communicate with ___ directly?

QSO was often used in the early days of amateur radio when the range of a station was limited and stations relayed messages from one to another. Nowadays, we mostly use QSO as a noun, meaning a contact with another station. 

QSY / QSY? – I will change frequency. / Shall I change frequency? 

QTH / QTH? – My location is. / What is your location?

You often hear QTH used as a noun. People often send QTH IS ________. While not an egregious use of this Q-signal, it is technically incorrect. 

Keep in mind that you may hear these Q-codes when you’re operating any of the voice modes or when talking with other hams at club meetings or hamfests. So, even if you’re not a CW operator, you’ll want to know these codes so that you’ll understand what’s being said.

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